Introduction:

Laparoscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to remove uterine fibroids, also known as myomas, while preserving the uterus. This procedure uses small incisions through which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and other surgical instruments are inserted. The approach is often preferred due to its reduced risk of complications, shorter recovery time, and smaller scars when compared to traditional open surgery.

Causes:

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that develop within the muscle wall of the uterus. The exact cause is unknown, but several factors may contribute:

• Hormonal imbalance (specifically higher levels of estrogen and progesterone)
• Genetics (a family history of fibroids increases the risk)
• Age and ethnicity (more common in women over 30, especially African American women)
• Obesity
• High blood pressure

Symptoms:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pressure or pain
• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Constipation or rectal pressure
• Painful intercourse
• Infertility or miscarriage (in some cases)

Diagnosis:

• Pelvic ultrasound: The most common imaging test used to visualize fibroids.
• MRI: Provides more detailed images of the uterus.
• Hysterosonography: A saline infusion sonogram helps detect fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
• Hysteroscopy: A direct visualization technique where a scope is inserted into the uterus to view the fibroids.

Treatment:

• Laparoscopic Myomectomy: During this procedure, the fibroids are removed through small incisions in the abdomen using laparoscopic instruments. The uterine wall is carefully repaired after the fibroids are excised. The goal is to preserve the uterus, allowing women to retain their fertility if desired.
• For large fibroids, multiple incisions or a robotic-assisted approach may be used for greater precision.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic myomectomy offers numerous benefits, including a shorter recovery time, minimal scarring, and the preservation of the uterus for women who wish to retain fertility. It is an effective solution for managing fibroids with fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery.